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IR-5 Parent Visa

Bring Your Parents to the United States as Permanent Residents

Parents

Father & Mother

No Quota

Immediate Relative

12-18 Months

Processing Time

Green Card

Immediate

What is an IR-5 Visa?

The fastest way for U.S. citizens to bring their parents to America

The IR-5 visa is an immigrant visa for the parents of U.S. citizens who are at least 21 years old. As an "immediate relative" category, IR-5 has no annual quota or waiting period, making it one of the fastest family-based immigration options. Parents receive immediate permanent residency (green card) upon entry to the United States.

Key Benefits of IR-5 Visa
  • No Quota/Waiting: Immediate relative category, no annual limits
  • Immediate Green Card: Permanent residency upon U.S. entry
  • No Age Limit: Parents of any age can qualify
  • Work Authorization: Can work immediately upon entry
  • Travel Freely: International travel without restrictions
  • Path to Citizenship: Apply after 5 years as permanent resident
For Your Father

File separate I-130 petition for your biological or adoptive father

  • Must prove parent-child relationship
  • Your birth certificate showing father's name
  • Father's passport and civil documents
  • Separate petition and fees
For Your Mother

File separate I-130 petition for your biological or adoptive mother

  • Must prove parent-child relationship
  • Your birth certificate showing mother's name
  • Mother's passport and civil documents
  • Separate petition and fees

IR-5 Eligibility Requirements

Four essential criteria to sponsor your parents

U.S. Citizen Petitioner

Required

The petitioning child must be a U.S. citizen and at least 21 years old. Green card holders (permanent residents) cannot sponsor parents for IR-5 visas.

Note: If you're under 21 or a green card holder, you must wait until you meet these requirements. However, consider visiting visas (B-2) for temporary visits.

Parent-Child Relationship

Critical

Must prove biological or legal adoptive parent-child relationship. Step-parents qualify only if marriage to biological parent occurred before child's 18th birthday.

Proof Required: Birth certificate showing parent's name, adoption decree (if adopted), or DNA test in some cases. Documents must establish clear parent-child link.

Financial Support (I-864)

Essential

U.S. citizen child must meet minimum income requirements (125% of federal poverty guidelines). Income increases based on household size including sponsored parents.

2025 Example: For household of 3 (you + spouse + 1 parent): ~$31,550/year minimum. For both parents: ~$38,100/year. Use joint sponsor or assets if needed.

Civil Documentation

Mandatory

Both petitioner and parents must provide complete civil documents: birth certificates, marriage certificates, passports, and police certificates from countries of residence.

Translations: All documents in foreign languages must have certified English translations. Bring both originals and copies to interview.

Special Scenarios for IR-5 Parent Visa

Biological Parents:
  • Both parents together or separately - File I-130 for each
  • Divorced parents - Each can be sponsored separately
  • Birth certificate required - Must show parent's name
  • DNA test - If birth certificate doesn't list parent
Adoptive Parents:
  • Adoption before age 16 - Must have been adopted before 16th birthday
  • Legal custody 2 years - Required before adoption
  • Adoption decree - Final court order required
  • Both adoptive parents - Can sponsor both if adopted by couple
Step-Parents:
  • Marriage before age 18 - Step-parent must have married biological parent before your 18th birthday
  • Marriage certificate required - Proof of marriage to biological parent
  • Your birth certificate - Showing biological parent's name
  • Relationship evidence - Photos, correspondence showing step-parent relationship
Single Parent or Divorced:
  • Can sponsor individually - Don't need to sponsor both parents together
  • Parent's marital status irrelevant - Divorced, widowed, or single all qualify
  • Separate petitions - Each parent gets own I-130 and green card

Good News: IR-5 has no age restrictions! Parents of any age can immigrate. No maximum age limit for beneficiary parents.

IR-5 Application Process

Six straightforward steps to bring your parents to the U.S.

1

File Form I-130 for Each Parent

U.S. citizen child files separate Form I-130 (Petition for Alien Relative) for each parent with USCIS. Each parent needs their own petition.

For Each Parent, Include:
  • Completed Form I-130
  • Your U.S. citizenship proof
  • Your birth certificate (showing parent)
  • Parent's birth certificate
  • $535 filing fee per parent
Both Parents?

File two separate I-130 petitions - one for father, one for mother. Total fees: $535 × 2 = $1,070

2

Wait for I-130 Approval

USCIS reviews each petition, may request additional evidence (RFE), and issues approval notice (Form I-797) for each parent.

Processing Time: Typically 8-12 months per petition, varies by USCIS service center

8-12 Months

Check status online with receipt number

Separate approval for each parent

3

Case Sent to National Visa Center (NVC)

After I-130 approval for each parent, petitions forwarded to National Visa Center. NVC assigns case numbers and invoice IDs.

NVC sends welcome letter per parent

Create CEAC account for each

Pay immigrant visa fee ($325 each)

Pay Affidavit of Support fee ($120 each)

Both Parents: Each parent has separate case number and fees. Total NVC fees for both: ($325 + $120) × 2 = $890

4

Submit Documents to NVC

Complete and submit all required forms and documents through NVC's CEAC portal for each parent.

Each Parent Submits:
  • DS-260: Immigrant Visa Application
  • Civil Documents: Birth certificate, passport copy, photos
  • Police Certificates: From countries of residence
Sponsor (You) Submits:
  • Form I-864: One Affidavit per parent OR one covering both
  • Financial Documents: Tax returns, W-2s, employment letter
  • Proof of Status: Your passport/citizenship certificate

Timeline: NVC reviews documents (2-8 weeks). Once "Documentarily Qualified," cases forwarded to embassy.

5

Attend Consular Interview

Each parent attends visa interview at U.S. Embassy/Consulate in their home country. Complete medical examination before interview.

Interview Preparation:
  • Medical Exam: Complete at approved panel physician (3-5 days before)
  • Bring Documents: Passport, civil documents, financial evidence
  • Common Questions: Relationship to U.S. citizen child, family in U.S., plans after arrival
  • Both Parents Together: Can attend same interview if both approved
If Approved:
  • Visa issued in 5-10 days
  • Passport returned with visa stamp
  • Receive sealed immigrant visa packet
  • Valid for 6 months to enter U.S.
Both Parents:
  • Can schedule interviews together
  • Or separately if preferred
  • Each gets own immigrant visa
  • Can travel together or separately
6

Parents Enter U.S. & Receive Green Cards

Parents enter United States with immigrant visas. Upon admission, become lawful permanent residents immediately. Green cards mailed within 2-4 weeks.

Upon Entry - Immediate Benefits:
  • Permanent Resident Status: Green card holders from day one
  • Work Authorization: Can work immediately (optional)
  • Travel Freedom: Can travel internationally
  • Social Security Number: Apply at SSA office
  • State ID/Driver's License: Eligible to apply
  • Medicare: After 5 years as permanent resident
  • Social Security Benefits: If worked 40 quarters
  • Citizenship Path: Apply after 5 years
Total Timeline & Cost Summary:

8-12 months
I-130 approval

4-6 months
NVC + Interview

12-18 months
Total to Green Card

One Parent: ~$1,180
Total fees

Both Parents: ~$2,360
Total fees

Required Documents for IR-5 Visa

Complete documentation checklist for petitioner and parents

For U.S. Citizen Child (Petitioner/Sponsor)

I-130 Petition Documents:
  • Form I-130 - Separate petition for each parent
  • Your Birth Certificate: Long form showing parent's name
  • Proof of U.S. Citizenship: Passport, birth certificate, or naturalization certificate
  • Proof You're 21+: Birth certificate or passport showing date of birth
  • Filing Fee: $535 per parent ($1,070 for both)
Additional Relationship Proof:
  • Photos: With parent throughout your life
  • For Adoptive Parents: Final adoption decree + 2 years legal custody proof
  • For Step-Parents: Marriage certificate (to bio parent before you turned 18)
  • Name Change Documents: If your name changed (marriage, court order)
Affidavit of Support (Form I-864):
  • Tax Returns: Most recent 1-3 years (IRS transcripts)
  • W-2s: Past 3 years
  • Employment Letter: Current salary, position, start date
  • Recent Pay Stubs: Last 6 months
  • Bank Statements: If using assets
  • Joint Sponsor: If income insufficient (I-864 + their docs)

For Each Parent (Beneficiary)

Important: Each parent needs their own set of documents. Prepare two complete packages if sponsoring both parents.

Identity & Civil Documents:
  • Valid Passport: 6+ months validity beyond intended entry
  • Birth Certificate: With English translation
  • Marriage Certificate: If parent is married (current or previous)
  • Divorce Decrees: If divorced from child's other parent
  • Police Certificates: All countries lived 1+ years since age 16
NVC Documents (DS-260):
  • Form DS-260: Immigrant Visa Application (online)
  • DS-260 Confirmation: Print after submission
  • Passport Photos: 2 recent (2x2 inches, specific requirements)
  • Immigrant Visa Fee: $325 payment confirmation
Medical Examination:
  • Medical Exam: Complete at approved panel physician (3-5 days before interview)
  • Required Vaccinations: Based on age and medical history
  • Results Sealed: Bring sealed envelope to interview
  • Tests: Blood work, chest X-ray if applicable
Interview Documents:
  • Interview Appointment Letter
  • I-130 Approval Notice: Form I-797
  • Relationship Evidence: Photos with child throughout life
  • Child's Documents: I-864, tax returns, employment letter

Translation Requirement: All documents in foreign languages must have certified English translations. Bring both originals and copies to interview.

IR-5 Total Cost Breakdown
For One Parent:
Form I-130 Filing Fee $535
Immigrant Visa Fee (DS-260) $325
Affidavit of Support Fee $120
Medical Examination $200-400
TOTAL (One Parent) ~$1,180-1,380
For Both Parents:
Form I-130 (×2 parents) $1,070
Immigrant Visa Fee (×2) $650
Affidavit of Support (×2) $240
Medical Examination (×2) $400-800
TOTAL (Both Parents) ~$2,360-2,760

Note: Medical examination costs vary by country and panel physician. Check USCIS website for approved physicians.

Financial Support Requirements (Form I-864)

Income requirements for sponsoring your parents

Minimum Income Requirements (125% of Poverty Guidelines)

As sponsor, you must show income at 125% of federal poverty guidelines for your household size. Household size includes you, your dependents, and the parent(s) you're sponsoring.

2025 Minimum Income Requirements:
Household Size For Sponsors in 48 Contiguous States For Sponsors in Alaska For Sponsors in Hawaii
2 (You + 1 parent) $25,000 $31,225 $28,750
3 (You + both parents) $31,550 $39,438 $36,283
4 (You + spouse + both parents) $38,100 $47,625 $43,815
5 (Family of 4 + 1 child) $44,650 $55,813 $51,348
6 (Family of 4 + 2 children) $51,200 $64,000 $58,880

How to Calculate: Count yourself, your spouse (if any), unmarried children under 21, other dependents, and the parent(s) you're sponsoring. Add up total household size and check the minimum income required.

Option 1: Joint Sponsor

If you don't meet income requirements, use a joint sponsor:

  • Must be U.S. citizen or green card holder
  • Must be 18+ years old
  • Must meet full 125% requirement alone
  • Files separate Form I-864
  • Legally obligated to support parent(s)
  • Can be anyone willing to help
Option 2: Household Income

Combine income with household members:

  • Your spouse's income (if married)
  • Adult children living with you
  • Other adult household members
  • Must live with you for 6 months
  • File Form I-864A for each member
  • They become jointly liable
Option 3: Use Assets

Supplement income with assets:

  • Savings, checking accounts
  • Stocks, bonds, certificates of deposit
  • Real estate (not primary residence)
  • Must equal 5× the income shortfall
  • Must be easily convertible to cash
  • Provide bank statements, appraisals
Important Form I-864 Information
What is Form I-864?

The Affidavit of Support is a legally binding contract where you agree to financially support your parent(s) and prevent them from becoming a public charge.

How Long Does It Last?
  • Until parent becomes U.S. citizen
  • Until parent works 40 qualifying quarters (~10 years)
  • Until parent leaves U.S. permanently
  • Until parent or sponsor dies
What Income Counts?
  • Wages, salaries, tips
  • Self-employment income
  • Interest, dividends
  • Social Security benefits
  • Alimony, child support
  • Rental income
What Doesn't Count?
  • Non-cash benefits (food stamps, etc.)
  • Loans
  • Gifts that are not regular income

Legal Obligation: The I-864 is enforceable in court. If your parent receives means-tested public benefits, government can sue you to recover costs. This is a serious commitment!

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions about IR-5 parent visa

Yes! You can sponsor both your mother and father. Here's how it works:

File Separate Petitions:
  • One I-130 for father ($535)
  • One I-130 for mother ($535)
  • Each has own case number
  • Each gets own green card
Financial Support:
  • Can use one I-864 for both
  • Or separate I-864 for each
  • Income requirement increases
  • Based on total household size

Together or Separately: Your parents can attend the same interview, travel together, and enter the U.S. at the same time. Or they can do everything separately if they prefer!

Total processing time from I-130 filing to visa issuance is typically 12-18 months. Here's the detailed breakdown:

Stage Timeline Details
I-130 Filing 2-4 weeks Receipt notice issued by USCIS
I-130 Approval 8-12 months Varies by service center (California, Nebraska, etc.)
NVC Processing 2-4 weeks Case number assignment, welcome letter
Document Collection 1-2 months Your responsibility to gather and submit
Interview Scheduling 1-3 months Depends on embassy backlog
Visa Issuance 5-10 days After interview approval
TOTAL TIMELINE 12-18 months average

Important: IR-5 has NO quota or waiting period because it's an "immediate relative" category. You can file as soon as you turn 21 and become a U.S. citizen!

Your parents receive 10-year permanent green cards with full permanent resident benefits:

Immediate Benefits:
  • Live permanently in the U.S.
  • Work authorization (if they want to work)
  • Travel freely in and out of U.S.
  • Social Security Number
  • State ID/Driver's License
  • Open bank accounts
After Some Time:
  • Medicare - After 5 years as permanent resident
  • Social Security Benefits - If worked 40 quarters in U.S.
  • U.S. Citizenship - Can apply after 5 years
  • Sponsor relatives (after citizenship)
Important Limitations:
  • Cannot vote in federal elections (until citizenship)
  • Cannot hold federal jobs requiring citizenship
  • Can be deported if commit serious crimes
  • Must maintain residency - Can't be outside U.S. for extended periods
  • No public benefits immediately - Medicare after 5 years, Medicaid has restrictions

Best Benefit: Your parents can live with you permanently, be close to grandchildren, and enjoy their retirement years in the United States!

If you don't meet the 125% poverty guideline income requirement, you have three options:

Option 1: Joint Sponsor (Most Common)

What is a Joint Sponsor?

  • Another person who files separate Form I-864
  • Must be U.S. citizen or green card holder, 18+ years old
  • Must meet full 125% income requirement independently
  • Becomes legally obligated to support your parent(s)
  • Can be anyone: sibling, friend, relative, etc.
  • Joint sponsor doesn't have to be related to you or your parents
Option 2: Household Income

Combine Income with Household Members:

  • Your spouse's income (if married)
  • Adult children (18+) living with you
  • Other household members living with you
  • Must have lived together for at least 6 months
  • Each files Form I-864A (Contract Between Sponsor and Household Member)
  • They become jointly and severally liable
Option 3: Use Assets

Supplement Income with Assets:

  • Calculate income shortfall: Required income minus actual income
  • Assets must equal 5 times the shortfall
  • Acceptable assets: savings, stocks, bonds, real estate (not primary home), retirement accounts
  • Must be easily convertible to cash within one year
  • Provide bank statements, account statements, property appraisals

Example: If you're $10,000 short of income requirement, you need $50,000 in assets (10,000 × 5 = 50,000)

Important: You cannot proceed with IR-5 petition without meeting financial requirements through one of these three options. USCIS and NVC will deny the case if insufficient support is demonstrated.

No, green card holders (permanent residents) CANNOT sponsor parents for IR-5 visas. Here's what you need to know:

Why Not?
  • IR-5 is an "immediate relative" category
  • Only U.S. citizens can file immediate relative petitions
  • Parents of green card holders are not eligible for any family-based immigration category
  • No other visa category exists for parents of green card holders
Your Options as a Green Card Holder:
Become a U.S. Citizen
  • Apply for citizenship after 5 years as permanent resident (or 3 years if married to U.S. citizen)
  • Pass citizenship test and interview
  • Once citizen, immediately file I-130 for parents
  • This is the only way to sponsor parents permanently
Temporary Visits (B-2 Tourist Visa)
  • Parents can apply for B-2 tourist visa
  • Visit for up to 6 months at a time
  • Can extend for additional 6 months
  • Must maintain home abroad
  • Not a path to green card

Recommendation: If you're a green card holder and want to bring your parents permanently, start your citizenship process NOW. The sooner you become a U.S. citizen, the sooner you can file for your parents!

This is a common and important question. Here's the complete answer:

Medicare (Health Insurance for 65+):

Eligibility Requirements:

  • Must be permanent resident for 5 continuous years
  • Must be age 65 or older
  • Must have worked 40 quarters (10 years) in U.S. OR pay monthly premiums

Reality: Most immigrant parents don't qualify for free Medicare Part A because they haven't worked 40 quarters. They can purchase Medicare coverage by paying monthly premiums (~$500/month for Part A + Part B in 2025).

Social Security Retirement Benefits:

Eligibility Requirements:

  • Must have worked in U.S. and paid Social Security taxes
  • Need 40 credits (approximately 10 years of work)
  • Benefits based on lifetime earnings
  • Can claim as early as age 62 (reduced) or full retirement age

Reality: Most parents immigrating in their 60s-70s won't work enough quarters to qualify for Social Security benefits. However, if they do work in the U.S., every quarter counts toward eligibility.

What Options Do Parents Have?
Health Insurance Options:
  • Private health insurance through marketplace (Healthcare.gov)
  • Your employer plan - Add as dependents if allowed
  • Medicaid - After 5 years, varies by state, income limits apply
  • Purchase Medicare - Pay monthly premiums after 5 years as permanent resident
Financial Support Options:
  • Your support - You're legally obligated via I-864
  • Parents' savings/pension from home country
  • Work in U.S. - If able, can build Social Security credits
  • Supplemental Security Income (SSI) - After citizenship, if meet income requirements

Critical Planning: Before sponsoring your parents, understand that you will likely be their primary source of financial support and health insurance. Budget for health insurance costs ($500-1,500/month per person) and ensure you can support them long-term. This is why the I-864 Affidavit of Support is a serious legal commitment!

Have More Questions About IR-5 Parent Visa?

Schedule a free consultation with our IR-5 specialists to get personalized guidance for bringing your parents to the United States.

Contact Us

Ready to Bring Your Parents to the United States?

The IR-5 visa process has no quota or waiting period—it's the fastest way to reunite with your parents permanently. Our experienced immigration consultants guide you through every step: I-130 petition, financial support documentation, NVC processing, and interview preparation. We ensure your case is complete and positioned for approval so your parents can join you in the U.S. as permanent residents.

I-130 Petition Support
I-864 Financial Review
Interview Coaching
Free Consultation

Family reunification experts • No quota • Immediate relative

Family Reunification

Bringing parents and children together

No Quota

Immediate relative category

Green Card

Permanent residency immediately

Expert Guidance

IR-5 specialists

Explore Other Family Immigration Options

Other visa options for family members

CR-1/IR-1 Spouse Visa

For U.S. citizens to bring their foreign spouses to the United States with immediate green card.

  • Immediate green card upon entry
  • Immediate work authorization
  • No quota or waiting
  • 12-18 months processing
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K-1 Fiancé(e) Visa

For couples not yet married who want to marry in the United States within 90 days.

  • For unmarried couples
  • Marry in U.S. with family
  • 6-12 months initial entry
  • Adjust status after marriage
Learn More

B-2 Tourist Visa

Temporary visitor visa for parents to visit U.S. for tourism or family visits (up to 6 months).

  • Temporary visits up to 6 months
  • Can extend for additional 6 months
  • Not a path to green card
  • Must maintain home abroad
Learn More

Why IR-5 is Perfect for Bringing Parents

✅ IR-5 Unique Advantages:
  • No quota or waiting period - Immediate relative category
  • No age limit - Parents of any age can immigrate
  • Permanent green card - 10-year card from day one
  • Both parents eligible - Can sponsor father and mother
  • Work authorization - Can work immediately if desired
  • Path to citizenship - After 5 years as permanent resident
✅ Family Benefits:
  • Live together permanently - No more long separations
  • Grandchildren relationships - Be close to grandkids
  • Care and support - Help aging parents in their retirement
  • Cultural connection - Maintain family traditions
  • Emergency access - Parents available during family emergencies
  • No time limits - Permanent residency, not temporary visits

Important Consideration: Remember that sponsoring parents is a serious financial commitment (Form I-864). Make sure you can support them long-term, including health insurance costs.

Discuss Your Parents' IR-5 Case